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Bioreactor landfill
Landfills are the primary method of waste disposal in many parts of the world, including United States and Canada. Bioreactor landfills are expected to reduce the amount of and costs associated with management of leachate, to increase the rate of production of methane (natural gas) for commercial purposes and reduce the amount of land required for land-fills.〔The Hinkley Center For Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, The Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, The Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Central Florida. (2008). Florida Bioreactor Landfill Demonstration Project: Executive Summary. Retrieved February 03, 2010, from ()〕 Bioreactor landfills are monitored and manipulate oxygen and moisture levels to increase the rate of decomposition by microbial activity.
== Traditional landfills and associated problems ==
Landfills are the oldest known method of waste disposal. Waste is buried in large dug out pits (unless naturally occurring locations are available) and covered. Bacteria and archaea decompose the waste over several decades producing several by-products of importance, including methane gas (natural gas), leachate, and volatile organic compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), N2O2, etc.).
Methane gas, a strong greenhouse gas, can build up inside the landfill leading to an explosion unless released from the cell.〔Christensen, T. H. (1999). Landfilling of waste: Biogas〕 Leachate are fluid metabolic products from decomposition and contain various types of toxins and dissolved metallic ions.〔Washington State Department of Ecology. (n.d.). Solid Waste Landfill Design Manual. Retrieved February 3, 2010, from ()〕 If leachate escapes into the ground water it can cause health problems in both animals and plants.〔Kjeldsen, P. M. (2002). Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , 297-336.〕 The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are associated with causing smog and acid rain.〔Brosseau, J. H. (1994). Trace gas compound emissions from municipal landfill sanitary sites; Atmospheric-Environment. Atmospheric Environment, pp. 285-293.〕 With the increasing amount of waste produced, appropriate places to safely store it have become difficult to find.
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